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| Absolute |
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A measure having as its zero point or base the complete absence of the entity being measured.
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| Absolute pressure |
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The pressure above zero absolute, i.e., the sum of atmospheric and gauge pressure. In vacuum related work it is usually expressed in millimeters, or inches, of mercury.
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| Acceptance sampling |
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A statistical quality control method that seeks to determine the quality of a product by sampling a small portion of it. It does not assure that 100 percent of the product is acceptable, but reduces the likelihood of acceptance of a defective product.
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| Accumulator |
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A container in which fluid (generally nitrogen) is stored under pressure as a source of fluid power.
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| Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) |
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The fibrous, least-digestible portion of roughage. ADF consists of the highly indigestible parts of the forage, including lignin, cellulose, silica and insoluble forms of nitrogen.
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| Acid Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen (ADIN) |
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A measure of the nitrogen remaining in the acid detergent fibre residue of a feed sample. Usually considered to be an indicator of heat damage that can occur during storage or processing.
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| Acid Detergent Insoluble Protein (ADIP) |
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Is the insoluble protein fraction, which is unavailable to the animal due to heat damage. Also referred to as acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP).
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| Acidification |
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When applied to feed is used to enhance the stomach acidity, reduce pH and salmonella infection as well as improving pig performance.
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| Acre (a) |
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A unit of area used in English-speaking countries, equal to 4,840 square yards (0.405 hectares).
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| Actuator |
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A device for converting pneumatic or hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. A motor or cylinder.
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| Additives |
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Pharmaceutical or nutritional substances that are not natural feedstuffs, which are added to made-up and stored feeds for various purposes. Chiefly to control infectious disease, promote growth, feed preservation or flavour.
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| Adhesive |
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A substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment. It is a general term and includes cements, mucilage, and paste, as well as glue.
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| Aerobic |
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Requiring oxygen.
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| Agri-business |
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The group of industries dealing with agricultural produce and services to agriculture.
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| Agriculture |
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Anything having to do with farming (raising crops or livestock for food, fibre or fur; or the industry which includes marketing, processing and trade in these products).
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| Air dry basis |
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A parameter of stating the nutrient value of feed ingredients or feed that has naturally dried in the open air until it can not dry or dissipate any more moisture (usually around 10-12% moisture).
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| Alfalfa |
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A valuable leguminous crop for forage or hay used in livestock feeding.
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| Amino acids |
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Building blocks of protein, linked together by peptide bonds. The quality of a protein, in terms of its value as an animal feed, depends upon its content of essential amino acids.
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| Amplifier |
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A device for amplifying the error signal sufficiently to cause actuation of the stroke control. Several types of servo amplifiers are used at the present time: electronic (DC, AC, phase sensitive, and magnetic) and mechanical.
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| Amplitude of sound |
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The loudness of a sound.
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| Anaerobic |
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Without oxygen.
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| Analog |
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A continuous range of numbers or values.
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| Angle of Repose |
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The maximum angle measured in degrees at which a pile of grain or other granular material retains its slope.
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| Animal by-products |
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As raw material these are all the animal tissues from the livestock industry which are not for direct use as human food. After rendering, for example, they become products such as meat and bone meal (MBM), blood meal, tallow and animal fats.
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| Animal feed (Agrifeed) |
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Edible material that provides nourishment in the form of energy and for building tissues. Contributes to the normal physiological function and metabolic homeostasis of an organism, by the oral provision of nutrients to any kind or class of animal.
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| Animal nutrition |
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The science of dietary foods for animals, providing the basis on which to formulate a complete and balanced food intake in accordance with the animal's needs.
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| Animal unit |
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A standard measure based on feed requirements, used to combine various classes of livestock according to size, weight, age and use.
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| Anisotropic |
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Exhibiting different properties when measured along different axes. In general, fibrous materials such as wood are anisotropic.
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| Annular area |
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A ring shaped area - often refers to the net effective area of the rod side of a cylinder piston, i.e., the piston area minus the cross-sectional area of the rod.
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| Antibiotics |
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Substances produced by living organisms, such as molds, which inhibit the growth or reproduction of other bacteria or kill them. Added to animal feed to help prevent the spread of diseases when animals are kept in crowded conditions, and because animals which take antibiotics grow more rapidly.
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| Antimicrobial |
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An agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their multiplication or growth, including antibiotics and synthetic agents.
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| Aquaculture |
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The farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants with some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.
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| As fed basis |
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Weight of the feed or ingredient before drying (including moisture content). Also referred to by the terms: as-fed, as-is or as-received.
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| Atmospheric pressure |
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Pressure exerted by the atmosphere at any specific location. (Sea level pressure is approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute.)
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| Average daily gain |
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Pounds (kg) of live weight gained per day.
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| Axial force |
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A push (compression) or pull (tension) acting along the length of a member, expressed in kilonewtons (pounds).
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| Axial stress |
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The axial force acting at a point along the length of a member divided by the cross-sectional area of a member, expressed in kilopascals (pounds per square inch).
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